一. 基本句型的定义和分类
所谓基本句型就是分句结构的几种基本“格局”，它们是变化多样的句子结构的雏形。现代英语的基本句型主要有如下5种：
1） SVC（主-动-补）结构: 谓语动词通常是连系动词。
These flowers smell fragrant.
Bob is becoming/turning/getting depressed.
That car is mine.
2） SV（主-动）结构:谓语动词通常是不及物动词。
Everybody laughed.
What she did does not matter/matters.
The guests have arrived.
3） SVO（主-动-宾）结构:谓语动词通常是单宾语及物动词。
He bought what he needed.
Mary smiled her appreciation(微笑表示感谢/感激/欣赏) .
I want a return ticket.
4） SVoO(主-动-宾-宾）结构:谓语动词必须是带有双宾语的及物动词（间接宾语和直接宾语）。
David showed me the way.
Bob showed me how to repair the car.
Gorge got her a wonderful gift.
5） SVOC(主-动-宾-补）结构:及物动词之后须跟宾语和宾语补语，这种动词又叫复杂宾语及物动词。?
The directors appointed him sales manager.
This method set/made the students thinking.
They found the meeting room full of people.
另外，若加上如下2种，即为7种基本句型：
6）SVA (主-动-状）结构：
先看几个SV的句子
I live in Beijing.
Shakespeare lived in the 16th and early 17th century.
They stay in a hotel.
He will be flying to Shanghai.
在上述SV结构中，由于谓语动词的词汇意义，其后必须跟有地点状语或时间状语，否则句子结构不完整，意思不明确。因此这类句子也可称作SVA结构（A=Adverbial）。
7）SVOA (主-动-宾-状）结构：
在下列SVO结构中，状语也是不可缺少的：
I put the material evidence in front of him.
He treated her vilely.
由于地点状语和方式状语在上述SVO结构中不可缺少，因此这类句子也可叫做SVOA结构。
有少数几个动词在SV和SVO结构中，其后必须带有状语，否则意义不明。
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? SV-------SVA
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?SVO-----SVOA
二．掌握基本句型对英语学习的意义：
基本句型就是句子的结构雏形。句子结构不论多长、多复杂，只要掌握其结构雏形就是抓住了它的基本格局和结构框架，这对分析理解句子的意义，作出准确的翻译，起着巨大的辅助作用。因为在翻译过程中出现的某些问题大多是由于对长难句的结构框架没有捏准而引起的。
看一句所谓的长难句：
It was appropriate, therefore, that the 2nd Armored Division, “Hell on Wheels”, was designated to prove the theory that, through a combination of prepositional heavy equipment and mass airlift, major combat units can be rapidly moved from this country to overseas theaters during periods of increased international tensions and can be ready for combat there in a matter of a few days.?
解析：
这句的结构核心仅是一个以非人称it作为形式主语的SVC结构，故在翻译这个句子时，一定要先把它的这个基本结构框架点出来。
参考译文：
因此，指定号称“飞轮魔鬼”的第二装甲师来验证下面这个理论便是很合适的：通过预先储存重型装备以及大规模的空运，就可以做到在国际形势紧张期间把大批战斗部队迅速从这个国家运送到海外战场，而且能够在几天内就作好在该地域参战的准备。
三．补充内容：
1．Transformation and expansion of the basic clause patterns（基本句型的转换和扩展）
The basic clause patterns are all affirmative statements with verbs in the active. An affirmative clause can be transformed into a negative one; a statement into a question; and an active clause into a passive one. All these add varieties to the basic clause patterns.
She gave him some money.
Did she give him some money?
She didn’t give him some money.
He was given some money by her.
2．Ways of expanding a clause (句子扩展的方法)：
1）Clause Coordination (分句的并列）
He did not like us, and everyone knew it, but no one admitted it.
2) Adding more modifiers to the clause(增加修饰成分)
The picture pointed by the famous artist must be very valuable.
3) Using subordinate clauses (使用从属分句)
What he told me the other day has nothing to do with this problem.
