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1、英语句子成分讲解一、主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。The sun rises in the east.（名词） He likes dancing. （代词）Twenty years is a short time in history.（数词） Seeing is believing.（动名词） To see is to believe.（不定式） What he needs is a book.（主语从句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语） 二、
2、谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 We study English. He is asleep.三、表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。He is a teacher.（名词）Seventy-four! You dont look it.（代词）Five and five is ten. （数词） He is asleep.（形容词） His father is in.（副词） The picture is on the wall.（介词短语） My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化
3、的分词）To wear a flower is to say “Im poor, I cant buy a ring. ”（不定式）The question is whether they will come.（表语从句）常见的系动词有: be, sound（听起来）， look（看起来）， feel（摸起来），smell（闻起来），taste（尝、吃起来）， remain（保持，仍是），feel（感觉） .It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet.Tom looks thin. The foo
4、d smells delicious. The food tastes good. The door remains open. Now I feel tired.三、宾语：1）动作的承受者动宾 I like China. （名词）He hates you. （代词）How many do you need? We need two. （数词） We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you.（动名词） I hope to see you again.（不定式） Did you write down what he s
5、aid? （宾语从句）2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词介宾 Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks.3） 双宾语间宾（指人）和直宾（指物） He gave me a book yesterday.Give the poor man some money.四、宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。We elected him monitor. （名词）We all think it a pity that she didnt come here. （名）We will make them happy. （形
6、容词） We found nobody in.(副词)Please make yourself at home. (介词短语） Dont let him do that. （省to不定式）His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （带to不定式） Dont keep the lights burning. （现在分词） Ill have my bike repaired. （过去分词） 五、主补：对主语的补充。He was elected monitor.She was found singing in the next ro
7、om.He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson. 六、定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。Wei Ting is a chemistry teacher.（名词）He is our friend. （代词）We belong to the third world. （数词） He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词）The man over there is my old friend.(副词) The woman with a baby in her arms is my s
8、ister. (介词)The boys playing football are in Class 2. （现在分词） The trees planted last year are growing well now. （过去分词） I have an idea to do it well. （不定式） You should do everything that I do. （定语从句） 七、状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。 表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。（以下例句按上述顺序排列）I will go there tomorrow. The
9、meeting will be held in the meeting room. The meat went bad because of the hot weather. He studies hard to learn English well. He didnt study hard so that he failed in the exam.I like some of you very much.If you study hard, you will pass the exam.He goes to school by bike. Though he is young, he ca
10、n do it well.记忆口诀：感官、使役动词：一感二听三使四看一感：feel二听：hear，listen三使：make， let ，have四看：look at，see，watch，notice用法口诀感使动词真奇怪，to在句中像妖怪，主动句中它走开，被动句中它回来，动词let要除外，to词可来可不来。英语中的五种基本句型结构一、句型1： Subject (主语) Verb (谓语) 这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，所谓不及物动词，就是这种动词后不可以直接接宾语。常见的动词如：work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disapp
11、ear, cry, happen等。如：1) Li Ming works very hard.李明学习很努力。2) The accident happened yesterday afternoon.事故是昨天下午发生的。3）Spring is coming.4) We have lived in the city for ten years.二、句型2：Subject (主语) Link. V(系动词) Predicate(表语)这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。其系动词一般可分为下列两类：(1)表示状态。这样的词有：be, look, seem, smell, taste, soun
12、d, keep等。如：1) This kind of food tastes delicious.这种食物吃起来很可口。2) He looked worried just now.刚才他看上去有些焦急。(2)表示变化。这类系动词有：become, turn, get, grow, go等。如：1) Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。2) The tree has grown much taller than before.这棵树比以前长得高多了。三、句型3：Subject(主语) Verb (谓语) Obj
13、ect (宾语)这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词, 所谓及物动词，就是这种动词后可以直接接宾语，其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。例：1) He took his bag and left.（名词） 他拿着书包离开了。2) Li Lei always helps me when I have difficulties. (代词)当我遇到困难时，李雷总能给我帮助。3) She plans to travel in the coming May Day.（不定式）她打算在即将到来的“五一”外出旅游。4) I dont know what I should do next. (
14、从句)我不知道下一步该干什么。注意：英语中的许多动词既是及物动词，又是不及物动词。四、句型4： Subject(主语)Verb(谓语) Indirect object(间接宾语)Direct object (直接宾语)这种句型中，直接宾语为主要宾语，表示动作是对谁做的或为谁做的，在句中不可或缺，常常由表示“物”的名词来充当；间接宾语也被称之为第二宾语，去掉之后，对整个句子的影响不大，多由指“人”的名词或代词承担。引导这类双宾语的常见动词有：buy, pass, lend, give, tell, teach, show, bring, send等。如：1) Her father bought
15、her a dictionary as a birthday present.她爸爸给她买了一本词典作为生日礼物。2）The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in the Long March.老人经常给孩子们讲述长征途中那些英雄的故事。 上述句子还可以表达为：1）Her father bought a dictionary for her as a birthday present.2）The old man always tells stories about the heroes to the chil
16、dren in the Long March.五、句型5： Subject(主语)Verb (动词)Object (宾语)Complement(补语)这种句型中的“宾语 补语”统称为“复合宾语”。宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份等；或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。如：1）You should keep the room clean and tidy. 你应该让屋子保持干净整洁。（形容词）2) We made him our monitor.(名词)我们选他当班长。3) His father told him n
17、ot to play in the street.(不定式)他父亲告诉他不要在街上玩。4）My father likes to watch the boys playing basketball.(现在分词)5) Yesterday I had a picture taken with two Americans.(过去分词) 常见的动词有: tell, ask, advise, help, want, would like, order, force, allow等。 注意：动词have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时，不带to。如：1) The boss made him do the work all day.老板让他整天做那项工作。2) I heard her sing in the next room all the time last night.昨天晚上我听见她在隔壁唱了一个晚上。
