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1、Lecture one Sentence Structure&Lecture 36Modification简单句的五个基本句型简单句的五个基本句型1. 主语系动词主语补语主语系动词主语补语(SVC) Grammar is hell.2. 主语不及物动词主语不及物动词(SV) Grammar sucks. 3. 主语及物动词宾语主语及物动词宾语(SVO) I hate grammar.简单句的五个基本句型简单句的五个基本句型4. 主语动词间接宾语直接宾语主语动词间接宾语直接宾语(SVoO) She gave John a book5. 主语动词宾语宾语补语主语动词宾语宾语补语(SVOC)
2、 She makes her mother angry The teacher asked me to read the passage. He felt it his duty to mention this to her. 分析：分析：it是形式宾语，是形式宾语，his duty是宾语补足是宾语补足语，语，to mention this to her是真正的宾语是真正的宾语。 Xinchun returned from abroad a different man. The italicized part functions as a (n) _.(TEM4-2013-52) A. app
3、ositive (同位语同位语)B. object C. adverbial D. complementDv 教材教材14页称该现象为双重谓语。页称该现象为双重谓语。v 英语里有一个句型：主语英语里有一个句型：主语 不及物动词（非系动词）不及物动词（非系动词） 形容词（或名词），一派语法学家称其为带双谓语的句形容词（或名词），一派语法学家称其为带双谓语的句型，另一派则把它称作带主语补语的句型，如：型，另一派则把它称作带主语补语的句型，如：They married young.He died happy.He died a poor man. 2011年年TEM 4中：中：宾语：宾语：1 主语：
4、主语：1 主谓关系：主谓关系： 12012年年TEM 4中：中：同位语：同位语：2 主语：主语：1 宾语：宾语：1状语：状语：3（状语从句（状语从句 1；介词短语做状语；介词短语做状语 2）2013年年TEM 4中：中：同位语：同位语： 1 补语：补语： 1 主谓关系：主谓关系：11. 主语（主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。）：句子说明的人或事物。v The sun rises in the east （名词）（名词） v He likes dancing. （代词）（代词）v Twenty years is a short time in history. (数数词词) v Se
5、eing is believing. （动名词）（动名词）v To see is to believe.（不定式）（不定式） v What he needs is a book.（主语从句）（主语从句）v It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.2.谓语（谓语（predicate）：是对主语加以陈述，表示）：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。放在主语的后面。v We study English. v He is a
6、sleep.v I dont like the picture on the wall. v The days get longer and longer when summer comes. 3. 表语表语(predicative)(即主语补语即主语补语)：系动词之后：系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。vHe is a teacher. （名词）（名词） vFive and five is ten. （数词）（数词） vHe is asleep. （形容词）（形容词）vHis father is in. （副词）（副词） vThe pictur
7、e is on the wall. (介词短语介词短语)vMy watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词（形容词化的分词）化的分词）vThe question is whether they will come. （表语从句）（表语从句）常见的系动词有常见的系动词有: be, sound, look, feel, smell, taste, remain, feel, turn找出下列句中的表语找出下列句中的表语 The old man was feeling very tired. The leaves have turned yellow. Soon the
8、y all became interested in the subject. She was the first to learn about it.4. 宾语：宾语：1）动宾动宾表示行为的对象，常由名词或者表示行为的对象，常由名词或者代词担任代词担任, 放在及物动词之后。如：放在及物动词之后。如：vI like China. （名词）（名词） vHe hates you. （代词）（代词）vI enjoy working with you. （动名词）（动名词）vI hope to see you again. （不定式）（不定式） vDid you write down what he
9、said? （宾语从（宾语从句）句）2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-介宾介宾vAre you afraid of the snake? vUnder the snow, there are many rocks.3）双宾语双宾语-间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）vHe gave me a book yesterday. vGive the poor man some money.划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语 Please tell us a story. Mr. Li is going to teach us hist
10、ory next term.5. 宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。v We elected him monitor. v We all think it a pity that she didnt come here. v We will make them happy. v His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. v Dont keep the lights burning. （名词（名词monitor）（名词（名词a pity）（形容词（形容词happy）（ to teach
11、the lazy boy a lesson ）（现在分词（现在分词burning ）6. 定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。子。vYanling is a chemistry teacher.（名词）（名词）vHe was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词）（形容词）vThe man over there is my old friend.(副词副词)vThe woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词介词)vThe boys playin
12、g football are in Class 2. （现在分词）（现在分词）vYou should do everything that I do. （定语（定语从句）从句）7. 状语：用来修饰状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。句子。 (教材教材421页页)vI will go there tomorrow. vThe meeting will be held in the meeting room.vThe meat went bad because of the hot weather. vHe studies hard to learn English well
13、.vHe didnt study hard so that he failed in the exam. vI like some of you very much.vIf you study hard, you will pass the exam. vHe goes to school by bike.vThough he is young, he can do it well.时间时间地点地点原因原因程度程度目的目的结果结果条件条件方式方式让步让步1. Which of the following prepositional phrases can function as an adve
14、rbial? (TEM4-2012-62) A. Despite the rain, everyone enjoyed the trip. B. The man with a beard is talking to the manager. C. Every precaution was taken against the failure of the plan. D. Are you sure of Simons disappearance?2. Which of the following prepositional phrases is an adverbial of concessio
15、n? (TEM4-2012-64) A. They used the box for keeping treasure. B. I stepped aside for her to get in first. C. For all that he seems to dislike me, I still like him. D. The parents bought a birthday cake for their son.C A 教材教材308-309页页 1. All the following sentences have an appositive EXCEPT (TEM4-2012
16、-59) A. Only one problem still remains the food. B. She bought herself a pair of new shoes. C. My friends all understand and support me. D. She liked her current job, teaching English.2. Which of the following italicized parts serves as an appositive? (TEM4-2013-61) A. He is not the man to draw back
17、. B. Tony hit back the urge to tell a lie. C. Larry has a large family to support. D. There is really nothing to fear.8. 同位语同位语（教材（教材418页）页）两个或两个以上同一层次的语言单位，如果它们所指相两个或两个以上同一层次的语言单位，如果它们所指相同，句法功能也相同，我们就把这种结构叫做同位结构，同，句法功能也相同，我们就把这种结构叫做同位结构，而把后项叫做前项的同位语。如：而把后项叫做前项的同位语。如：vthe city of Shanghaivthe year 2
18、014vPlaying football, his only interest in life, has brought him many friends.vDuring all those years the young man had but one aim-to fight for the independence of his country.vHe studies linguistics, or the science of language.vSome animals, for example the fox and squirrel, have bushy tails. 1. All the following sentences have an appositive EXCEPT (TEM4-2012-59) A. Only one problem still remains the food. B. She bought herself a pair of new shoes. C. My friends all understand and s
